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41 compounds carry a sourced mechanism and preclinical summary, referenced to 319 citations checked against the DOI registry and PubMed. 5 do not, and say so.

Analytical documentation is a separate record: 20 certificates of analysis issued by Vanguard Laboratory under A2LA #6377.01.01 cover the lots we ship.

41 of 41 summaries

Metabolic

4 summaries

Cellular Research

6 summaries
  • ARA-290CAS 1208244-03-86 citations
    • Cibinetide
    • ARA290

    ARA-290 (also known as cibinetide ) is a synthetic 11-amino acid peptide derived from the three-dimensional structure of erythropoietin (EPO), specifically modeled after the helix-B surface domain of the EPO molecule.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • EPITHALONCAS 307297-39-80 citations

    Epithalon (Epitalon / Epithalone / AEDG peptide) is a synthetic tetrapeptide analog of Epithalamin (bovine pineal gland extract) with the sequence Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly — the most extensively studied telomerase -activating peptide in gerontology.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • FOXO4CAS 2460055-10-92 citations

    FOXO4-DRI (Forkhead box O4 D-Retro-Inverso), also known as Proxofim, is a synthetic, cell-permeable D-retro-inverso peptide designed to selectively target and eliminate senescent cells through a mechanism termed Targeted Apoptosis of Senescent Cells (TASC).

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • MOTS-CCAS 1627580-64-619 citations

    MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) with the sequence MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR, encoded by a small open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene (MT-RNR1).

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • NAD+CAS 53-84-923 citations
    • Coenzyme I
    • diphosphopyridine nucleotide

    NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in every living cell, acting as an essential cofactor for energy metabolism and cellular signaling.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • SS-31CAS 736992-21-5 (free base); 72244098-12-0 (HCl salt)8 citations
    • Elamipretide
    • Forzinity™
    • MTP-131
    • Bendavia

    SS-31 (elamipretide; also known as MTP-131, Bendavia, and the commercial drug Forzinity™ ) is a synthetic, aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂ (where Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine).

    Mechanism, findings and references →

Repair & Recovery

8 summaries
  • BPC-157CAS 137525-51-011 citations
    • Bepecin
    • PL 14736
    • PL-10
    • PLD-116

    BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide composed of 15 amino acids, derived from a partial sequence of a larger protein naturally found in human gastric juice.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • BPC/TB-500CAS 885340-08-927 citations
    • Fequesetide
    • Thymosin β4 fragment (17-23)
    • N-acetylated LKKTETQ

    TB-500 is a synthetic heptapeptide consisting of the N-terminal acetylated fragment (amino acids 17–23) of the naturally occurring protein Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4).

    Scope: the cited literature covers BPC-157 and TB-500 individually. This SKU is a blend of both; the summary below covers the components, not the combination.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • GLOW23 citations

    GLOW Blend is a co-lyophilized research peptide complex combining three of the most extensively studied tissue-remodeling peptides in preclinical literature: 50 mg GHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-1), 10 mg BPC-157, and 10 mg TB-500 (Ac-LKKTETQ, the actin-binding fragment of Thymosin β4 ) — totaling 70 mg per vial.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • KLOW14 citations

    KLOW is an 80 mg multi-peptide research blend that pairs the three-peptide GLOW stack — GHK-Cu (50 mg), BPC-157 (10 mg), and TB-500 (10 mg) — with the α-MSH -derived anti-inflammatory tripeptide KPV (10 mg).

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • KPVCAS 107715-88-819 citations
    • α-MSH(11-13)
    • KPV peptide

    KPV is a naturally occurring tripeptide composed of Lysine-Proline-Valine, derived from the C-terminal fragment (amino acids 11–13) of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH).

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • LL-37CAS Not established23 citations

    LL-37 is the only member of the cathelicidin family identified in humans — a 37-residue cationic, amphipathic α-helical antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with the sequence LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • TB500CAS 885340-08-927 citations
    • Fequesetide
    • Thymosin β4 fragment (17-23)
    • N-acetylated LKKTETQ

    TB-500 is a synthetic heptapeptide consisting of the N-terminal acetylated fragment (amino acids 17–23) of the naturally occurring protein Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4).

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • WOLVERINE STACKCAS 885340-08-927 citations
    • Fequesetide
    • Thymosin β4 fragment (17-23)
    • N-acetylated LKKTETQ

    TB-500 is a synthetic heptapeptide consisting of the N-terminal acetylated fragment (amino acids 17–23) of the naturally occurring protein Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4).

    Scope: the cited literature covers BPC-157 and TB-500 individually. This stack combines both; the summary below covers the components, not the combination.

    Mechanism, findings and references →

Growth & Peptide Secretagogues

6 summaries
  • CJC (NO DAC)CAS 863288-34-014 citations

    CJC-1295 (no DAC), also known as Modified GRF (1-29) or Mod GRF 1-29, is a synthetic 29-amino acid peptide analog of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • CJC/IPA6 citations

    CJC-1295 (also known as DAC:GRF, or Drug Affinity Complex: Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor) is a synthetic, 30-amino acid analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), engineered by ConjuChem Biotechnologies (Canada) using proprietary Drug Affinity Complex (DAC) technology.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • IPAMORELINCAS 170851-70-410 citations

    Ipamorelin (NNC 26-0161) is a synthetic pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) with the sequence Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH₂, derived from GHRP-1 by deletion of the central Ala-Trp dipeptide and N-terminal modification.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • SERMORELINCAS 86168-78-78 citations
    • Sermorelin acetate
    • Geref
    • GRF 1-29 NH₂
    • GHRH(1-29)

    Sermorelin (also known as GRF 1-29 NH₂, trade name Geref ) is a synthetic 29-amino acid peptide corresponding to the first 29 residues of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • TESAMORELINCAS 218949-48-5 (free base); 901758-09-6 (acetate)16 citations
    • TH9507
    • Egrifta
    • Egrifta SV
    • Egrifta WR

    Tesamorelin (also known as TH9507, trade names Egrifta SV and Egrifta WR ) is a synthetic 44-amino acid growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog developed by Theratechnologies Inc.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • TESAMORELIN/IPAMORELIN BLENDCAS 218949-48-5 (free base); 901758-09-6 (acetate)16 citations
    • TH9507
    • Egrifta
    • Egrifta SV
    • Egrifta WR

    Tesamorelin (also known as TH9507, trade names Egrifta SV and Egrifta WR ) is a synthetic 44-amino acid growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog developed by Theratechnologies Inc.

    Scope: the cited literature covers Tesamorelin individually. This SKU is a blend with Ipamorelin; the summary below covers one component.

    Mechanism, findings and references →

Cognitive

8 summaries
  • DSIPCAS 62568-57-40 citations

    Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide (DSIP) is an amphiphilic neuropeptide consisting of nine amino acids ( Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu ) first isolated in 1974 from the cerebral venous blood of rabbits during electrically induced slow-wave sleep by the Schoenenberger-Monnier group at the University of Basel.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • NA-SELANKCAS 129954-34-38 citations

    Selank (TP-7) is a synthetic heptapeptide (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) derived from the endogenous tetrapeptide tuftsin, a natural fragment of the heavy chain of human immunoglobulin G (IgG).

    Scope: the cited literature covers Selank. N-Acetyl Selank Amidate is a modified analogue; the summary below describes the parent compound.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • NA-SELANK NASALCAS 129954-34-38 citations

    Selank (TP-7) is a synthetic heptapeptide (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) derived from the endogenous tetrapeptide tuftsin, a natural fragment of the heavy chain of human immunoglobulin G (IgG).

    Scope: the cited literature covers Selank. N-Acetyl Selank Amidate is a modified analogue; the summary below describes the parent compound.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • NA-SEMAXCAS 80714-61-05 citations

    Semax (ACTH 4-7-PGP) is a synthetic heptapeptide (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) derived from the N-terminal fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

    Scope: the cited literature covers Semax. N-Acetyl Semax Amidate is a modified analogue; the summary below describes the parent compound.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • NA-SEMAX NASALCAS 80714-61-05 citations

    Semax (ACTH 4-7-PGP) is a synthetic heptapeptide (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) derived from the N-terminal fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

    Scope: the cited literature covers Semax. N-Acetyl Semax Amidate is a modified analogue; the summary below describes the parent compound.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • SELANKCAS 129954-34-38 citations

    Selank (TP-7) is a synthetic heptapeptide (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) derived from the endogenous tetrapeptide tuftsin, a natural fragment of the heavy chain of human immunoglobulin G (IgG).

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • SEMAXCAS 80714-61-05 citations

    Semax (ACTH 4-7-PGP) is a synthetic heptapeptide (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) derived from the N-terminal fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • SEMAX NASALCAS 80714-61-05 citations

    Semax (ACTH 4-7-PGP) is a synthetic heptapeptide (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) derived from the N-terminal fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

    Mechanism, findings and references →

Cosmetic & Other

7 summaries
  • GHK-CUCAS 89030-95-521 citations

    GHK-Cu ( Copper Tripeptide-1 ) is a naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex (Gly-His-Lys chelated to Cu²⁺) first isolated from human plasma in 1973 by Dr.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • GLUTATHIONECAS 70-18-813 citations

    Glutathione (GSH), also known as L-Glutathione or -L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, is a naturally occurring, water-soluble tripeptide composed of three amino acids: L-glutamate, L-cysteine, and glycine.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • KISSPEPTIN18 citations
    • Metastin
    • KiSS-1-derived peptide
    • Kp-54
    • Kp-14

    Kisspeptin refers to a family of neuropeptides encoded by the KISS1 gene (chromosome 1q32), originally identified in 1996 as a melanoma metastasis suppressor ("metastin").

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • KISSPEPTIN NASAL18 citations
    • Metastin
    • KiSS-1-derived peptide
    • Kp-54
    • Kp-14

    Kisspeptin refers to a family of neuropeptides encoded by the KISS1 gene (chromosome 1q32), originally identified in 1996 as a melanoma metastasis suppressor ("metastin").

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • MELANOTAN 2CAS 121062-08-617 citations

    Melanotan II (MT-II) is a synthetic, cyclic heptapeptide analog of the endogenous hormone α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), with the sequence Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH₂.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • OXYTOCINCAS 50-56-620 citations
    • Pitocin
    • Syntocinon
    • Viatocinon
    • Induxin

    Oxytocin is a cyclic nonapeptide hormone and neuropeptide with the sequence Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH₂ — the first polypeptide hormone ever sequenced and synthesized.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • OXYTOCIN NASALCAS 50-56-620 citations
    • Pitocin
    • Syntocinon
    • Viatocinon
    • Induxin

    Oxytocin is a cyclic nonapeptide hormone and neuropeptide with the sequence Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH₂ — the first polypeptide hormone ever sequenced and synthesized.

    Mechanism, findings and references →

Research Compounds

2 summaries
  • THY ALPHA 1CAS 62304-98-7 (also 69440-99-9, 69521-94-4)7 citations
    • Thymalfasin
    • Zadaxin
    • Tα1
    • Talpha1

    Thymosin Alpha 1 (Tα1), also known as thymalfasin (trade name Zadaxin ), is a highly conserved, 28-amino acid immunomodulatory polypeptide originally isolated from calf thymus tissue in 1977 by Dr.

    Mechanism, findings and references →
  • VIPCAS 37221-79-78 citations
    • Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
    • Aviptadil
    • RLF-100
    • Zyesami

    Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide belonging to the glucagon-secretin superfamily.

    Mechanism, findings and references →

Not yet summarised

5 compounds have no sourced summary. We publish one only when it is referenced to primary peer-reviewed literature with working citations, so these pages say so rather than carry generated copy.